超高强高韧马氏体时效钢热变形及航天应用研究

对于航天用超高强高韧C300马氏体时效钢来说,热加工过程中获得等轴细小的再结晶晶粒是实现该钢强韧性最佳匹配的关键环节。采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机在温度为850～1 150℃、应变速率为0.01～10 s~(-1)的条件下,对超高强高韧C300马氏体时效钢进行高温轴向压缩变形试验,获得了高温流变曲线,并观察变形后的金相组织。结果表明:C300马氏体时效钢的流变应力和峰值应变随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而减小;试验钢在真应变为0.92、应变速率为0.01～10 s~(-1)的条件下,随着变形速率的提高,其发生完全动态再结晶的温度也逐渐升高,最佳热变形温度区间为1 050～1 150℃;测得试验钢的热变形激活能Q值为391.2 kJ/mol,建立了其热变形本构方程。结果能为C300马氏体钢的数值模拟和热加工工艺的制定提供理论基础。     

高空发动机试车台矢量推力现场动态校准技术

根据发动机试车台矢量推力现场动态校准需求，通过系统化论证，针对试车台的技术要求及校准需求，解决发动机试车台现场实际使用和实验室校准条件不同造成的附加测量误差、试验台推力无法整体校准等问题。文中提出了利用摆锤式动态力加载装置实现标准矢量力加载的方案，为了验证设计方案的可行性，利用现有的设备研究验证校准方案，通过试验和分析给出了校准不确定度。结果表明：该方案动态性能优异，响应迅速，动态校准不确定度为2.2%，能满足高空发动机试车台矢量推力测试的需求，为后续进一步准确测试矢量推力提供了依据。     

企业知识生态系统内生与外生协同机制研究

通过对企业知识生态系统协同机制的研究,设计知识生态系统内生和外生协同机制.内生协同机制包括企业知识生态系统战略协同机制、内部环境协同机制、领导协同机制、知识主体协同机制、激励协同机制的设计.外生协同机制包括外部环境协同机制设计、行业发展协同机制设计、技术协同机制设计,从而保障企业知识生态系统正常运行.     

Effects of yaw-roll coupling ratio on lateral-directional aerodynamic characteristics

Experimental investigation of large amplitude yaw-roll coupled oscillations was conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel using an aircraft configuration model. A special test rig was designed and constructed to provide different coupled motions from low to high angles of attack.A parameter ‘‘coupling ratio" was introduced to indicate the extent of yaw-roll coupling. At each pitch angle, seven coupling ratios were designed to study the yaw-roll coupling effects on the lateraldirectional aerodynamic characteristics systematically. At high angles of attack, the damping characteristics of yawing and rolling moments drastically varied with coupling ratios. In the coupled motions with the rotation taking place about the wind axis, the lateral-directional aerodynamic moments exhibited unsteady characteristics and were different from the ‘‘quasi-steady" results of the rotary balance tests. The calculated results of the traditional aerodynamic derivative method were also compared with the experimental data. At low and very high angles of attack, the aerodynamic derivative method was applicative. However, within a wide range of angles of attack, the calculated results of aerodynamic derivative method were inconsistent with the experimental data, due to the drastic changes of damping characteristics of lateral-directional aerodynamic moments with yaw-roll coupling ratios.     

前置不同诱导轮的高速离心泵性能

为研究分流叶片诱导轮及变螺距诱导轮对离心泵水力性能及汽蚀性能的影响,对具有前置诱导轮的高速离心泵进行了试验和数值模拟。外特性试验表明,两种前置诱导轮对高速离心泵效率的影响均不显著,前置分流叶片诱导轮的离心泵扬程相对于前置变螺距诱导轮有显著下降。汽蚀试验表明,小流量工况下前置分流叶片诱导轮的离心泵抗汽蚀性能较优,大流量工况下前置变螺距诱导轮的离心泵抗汽蚀性能较优,其余工况下两者的抗汽蚀性能相当。仿真结果表明,大流量工况下分流叶片诱导轮扬程较低,不能满足离心轮进口能量需求,致使前置分流叶片诱导轮的离心泵汽蚀性能变差。     

视觉测振技术在柔性太阳翼模态试验中的应用

针对8 m×5 m的柔性太阳翼在倒立状态下进行模态试验，设计数字摄像视觉测振系统，基于图像特征跟踪法实现了从相机标定、图像采集、信息提取到三维振动数据获取的过程，通过工况模态辨识方法获取了柔性太阳翼模态频率及振型等动力学参数。并考虑空气和重力影响建立太阳翼有限元模型，通过与基于基恩士激光位移传感器的传统模态试验结果及仿真分析结果进行对比，验证了基于视觉测振工况模态试验方法的准确性，为柔性太阳翼在轨模态辨识奠定基础。     

Exploration and implementation of commonality valuation method in commercial aircraft family design

Commercial aircraft family design can reduce development costs, shorten development cycles, and expand the market coverage of aircraft. Commercial aircraft family development has become one of the most important features of modern aircraft design. This paper explores the effects of commonality on different aircraft models in a commercial aircraft family. The existing product commonality indexes are summarized and their limitations in the application to aircraft design are discussed. Then a new component commonality index is proposed based on the component decomposition structure. A model for calculating the aircraft program value is established,which considers development costs, manufacturing costs, sale price, operation costs and residual costs. The effects of aircraft commonality on time and economic costs of both development and manufacturing, and on sale price, are analyzed and quantified. The commonality evaluation strategy is obtained, which features comprehensive consideration of the aircraft program value and time costs. The break-even analysis of aircraft is proceeded on the basis of costs and price data. By using a real option method, the strategy considers the uncertainty of the aircraft program and the flexibility of the manufacturer. This strategy proves to be rational and applicable to aircraft design based on the calculation of three examples and the analysis of parameter sensitivity.     

超声速气流中复杂冷却结构的传热分析方法

针对应用于高超声速吸气式发动机中的复杂再生冷却结构,为了更好地对其进行传热性能评估,在充分借鉴液体火箭发动机传热分析方法的基础上,集成多种成熟高效的技术,建立了一种解耦的传热分析方法。该方法首先借助计算流体力学技术确定结构件工作的热环境,提取必要的参数后依据半经验关系式确定气侧的换热边界条件;然后,通过将冷却流动假设成一维流动,根据换热准则确定液侧的换热边界;最后,对冷却结构进行有限单元离散,计算传热过程,获得温度场特征。该方法将换热与导热过程解耦,降低了研究问题的复杂性,适用于复杂构型的热防护设计。通过后掠尖缘再生冷却支板的热防护试验,证实了传热分析方法的可靠性,且显示算法对本例的预测误差约在8%左右。     

一种基于张氏标定法的单目相机改进标定算法

单目视觉在地面机器人等无人导航系统中的应用越来越广泛，而相机参数的标定是利用视觉进行导航的基础性工作。标定结果的好坏，直接影响导航性能和定位精度。主要考虑单目相机的径向畸变，基于张正友平面标定法，通过利用Matlab进行图像预处理、利用OpenCV进行Harris角点检测和亚像素精确化等方法在角点提取精度等方面进行了改进，通过重投影法对标定结果进行了评估，并将其与Matlab相机标定工具箱Toolbox_calib所得结果进行了比较。实验结果表明，改进的标定算法标定结果精度更高，并且对多个摄像头传感器均有效，适用性强。     

弯扭复合大负载下电动舵机设计及性能试验研究

针对弯扭复合大负载工况下电动舵机快速性与稳定性匹配的问题,在分析有限空间质量约束下舵机设计要求的基础上,采用基于核心部件与系统仿真及试验验证相结合的手段,提出了一种高刚度高功率密度的抗弯扭复合大负载电动舵机设计方法。详细阐述了高功率密度伺服电机和高刚度传动机构的设计过程,并研制了工程样机。试验结果表明:该电动舵机伺服刚度与功率密度得到显著提升,在复合大负载工况下能够实现高动态高可靠稳定运行。